Andronikos Palaiologos, Lord of Thessalonica

Andronikos Palaiologos or Andronicus Palaeologus (Greek: Ανδρόνικος Παλαιολόγος) (1404 – 4 March 1428) was a Byzantine prince and the last Byzantine governor of Thessalonica with the title of despot (despotēs), from 1408 to 1423.

Andronikos Palaiologos was a son of the Byzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos and his wife Helena Dragaš. His maternal grandfather was the Serb prince Constantine Dragaš. His brothers included emperors John VIII Palaiologos and Constantine XI Palaiologos, as well as Theodore II Palaiologos, Demetrios Palaiologos and Thomas Palaiologos, who ruled as despots in Morea.

In childhood Andronikos survived the sickness which killed his brothers Michael and an elder Constantine. He never recovered in full, remaining a man of poor health for the rest of his life. When he was only five years old his father made him a despot (despotēs) and appointed him imperial representative in Thessalonica, where he succeeded his deceased cousin John VII Palaiologos. As he was still a minor, for the first years of his rule there, until ca. 1415/1416, he was under the tutorship of the general Demetrios Laskaris Leontares.

After John VIII assumed control of the imperial government in 1421, the Byzantine Empire faced an increasingly hostile Ottoman Empire. Constantinople was attacked by the Ottomans in 1422, and Thessalonica was subject to a long blockade in 1422–1423. Under siege Andronikos lost hope and started diplomatic initiatives for the surrender of the city to the Republic of Venice. These negotiations (although he did not have the support of the whole of the population, and was opposed by the church, which mistrusted the Latins), a Venetian force entered the city in 1423. The handing over of Thessalonica to Venice contributed to the outbreak of the first in a series of wars between Venice and the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans conquered Thessalonica in 1430.

Andronikos became a monk less than a year after surrendering Thessalonica to Venice. He spent the rest of his life in a monastery, dying in 1429. Before, he had had only one son, named John, and his progeny ended with his great granddaughter named Sophia Palaiologos married to Giorgio Trasci knight of Koroni.